EFFECT OF DIFFERENT EXPLANTS, GENOTYPES, HORMONAL COMBINATIONS AND CONCENTRATION ON DIRECT REGENERATION OF MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA L.

Elham Moradipour,^1,* Bahman Hosseini,¹ Alireza Pirzad² Tahereh Ghanbari¹

^۱ Horticulture Department, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

^۲ Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

E-mail: b.hosseini@urmia.ac.ir

.

 German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an important aromatic, grassy and annual medicinal plant which belonging to Asteraceae (Compositeae) family. Chamomil has been known as an antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic, anti-ulcer, antiviral, sedative, diuretic, carminative, treat skin wounds, mouth sores, hemorrhoids. In vitro micropropagation is an effective tool for rapid multiplication of species in which it is necessary to obtain a high progeny uniformity. Effect of different explants (shoot tip, cotyledon and hypocotyls) with four kinds of media (0, 4.4, 8.8 and 13.2 µm). BAP  in combination with IAA (1.1 , 2.2 µm) was investigated on direct regeneration of Matricaria chamomilla. The maximum regeneration rate (93.87) and mean number of shoots (11 shoots per explants) were observed in shoot tip on the MS medium containing 4.4 µm BAP with 2.2 µm IAA. Any regeneration was obtained in cotyledon and hypocotyls. The effect of different landraces (Isfahan, Urmia, Oshnavieh and Shahin dezh) with different concentration of BAP (4.4 and 8.8µm) and Tidiazuron (TDZ) (4.4 and 8.8µm) in combination with 2.2 µm IAA on direct shoot regeneration in shoot tip explants of M.chamomilla L. were studied. The results indicated that Isfahan landrace had the highest regeneration rate (92.48%) on the media supplemented with 4.4 µm BAP in combination with 2.2 µm IAA. The maximum mean number of shoots (25 shoots per explants) was observed in Urmia landrace on the media with 4.4 µm BAP in combination with 2.2 µm IAA. Then regeneration rate (84.21%) on the media supplemented with 4.4 µm TDZ in combination with 2.2 µm IAA observed in Urmia landrace. The lowest regeneration rate (36.31%) on the media supplemented with 4.4 µm TDZ in combination with 2.2 µm IAA observed in Shahin dezh landrace. For rooting of regenerated shoots based on MS and 1/2 MS medium were supplemented with (0.5, 1 mg/l) IBA and (0.5, 1 mg/l) IAA. Result of the rooting experiment showed that maximum rooting rate (100%) was occurred on hormone free 1/2 MS medium and MS medium supplemented with 0.5, 1 mg/l IBA .The longest root length (4.46 cm) was achieved on the 1/2 MS medium [1, 2].

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